The Bible Concerns Of Peter - 2082 Words

One fascinating story in the Bible concerns Peter. He was, from the beginning, a colorful character. He was a natural leader, boisterous, first to speak even before his brain was engaged sometimes, full of bravado until it came to the arrest of Jesus, the crucifixion, and the events surrounding it. Peter was the one who wanted to take on the soldiers who arrested Jesus. He unleashed his sword and sliced an ear off a servant of the High Priest. He was the one who denied Jesus when the heat was on in the High Priest’s courtyard. He went out weeping, filled with guilt and doubt (Luke 22:62). Within weeks, this same beaten man was standing up preaching fearlessly and watching as some three thousand repented and were baptized. He healed†¦show more content†¦Paul wanted to know the power of the resurrection in his life—power to overcome temptation, power to live a victorious Christian life, power to be an effective, fearless disciple (Romans 8:11). The other major event was the coming of the Holy Spirit to indwell all of Christ’s disciples. Previously, the Holy Spirit had come upon individuals for particular ministries—but now, as part of the new relationship that God wanted with His people, the Spirit was going to permanently indwell Christians. Jesus had promised the disciples He would send this Spirit, although He didn’t fill them in completely about what the Spirit would be doing. However, after the resurrection, Jesus didn’t hang back. His final words before departing were dramatic: â€Å"You will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you,† he told them in Acts 1:8. And so it was. Peter was soon on his feet preaching one of the most powerful sermons of all time.Many people believe that this verse does not apply to them. That somehow that power was solely related to the early church. That belief is reinforced by the unfortunate abuse of the Holy Spirit by those claiming a great deal more than they should in the name of Christ. The truth is not that we need more of the Holy Spirit, but that He should have more of us. When we yield ourselves to Christ, putting all hindrances to death, and live in the power of the resurrection, then the power of the Spirit can be released in us. A Message

Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Free Essays

In the sass’s so many terms were being thrown around trying to explain what Schizophrenia was. It took till the early sass’s for a man named Emil Kremlin to truly â€Å"discover† what the disease was and bring together the earlier descriptions (Berries, Lulus, Joss, 2003). . We will write a custom essay sample on Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder or any similar topic only for you Order Now He decided to call it â€Å"dementia praecox† which meant dementia paranoids. It was partially taken from latten version off man names Morel (Berries, Lulus, Joss, 2003). Kremlin was able to make the discovery cause he biased it on empirical observation through observing and recording thousands of case histories, then by following up with his patients. He was able to fugue out the dementia praecox and manic depressive insanity were able to be separated by symptom, course, and outcome (Berries, Lulus, Joss, 2003). Schizophrenia is still one of the most mysterious and costliest mental disorders in terms of human suffering and societal expenditure (van So, 2009). In the earlier history of Schizophrenia treated through cryosurgery. Cryosurgery is the treatment Offs psychiatric disease through neurological treatments. While is has a controversial history it was widely used in the early to mid 19th century. One of the first accounts happened in the mid 18th century when a man named Phonies Gage was hurt at work. A tamping iron was shot through the frontal lobe while working (Creighton, 2001). While most would think this would kill a person, he gained consciousness soon after the accident. Gage went from being an intelligent well- liked man to being an angry and hostile shut in. This left the psychology field on its toes. They realized there was a disruption in his frontal lobe that affected his rationality, and that this could be duplicated in hopes of helping others. The frontal leucotomy was proposed as a potential treatment for schizophrenia because, by creating lesions in the frontal cortex, abnormal activity, presumably originating in this region, would be prevented from spreading to other areas of the brain, which could worsen the symptoms of the disease (Mathews, Wellington, Dead, Robinson, Luck, Jose, Erich, 2013). During the sass’s a procedure was developed called the closed lobotomy, however by the sass’s these practices were stopped because the surgeries caused extensive brain injuries and the pressure of the public. Schizophrenia was one of the conditions for which these treatments were used (Mathews, 2013). Then the use of antispasmodic came into effect and these practices were no longer needed. Like many other neuropsychiatry disorders, there is a typical onset age of late adolescence and early adulthood. The thinking is that this could be a critical period in brain development, which would make the person vulnerable to the onset of psychopathology. While the incidence of schizophrenia varies across environments and different migrant groups, symptoms, course, and treatment response do so as well. Genetic vulnerability is shares in part with bipolar disorder and recent molecular genetics findings indicated an overlap with developmental disorder such as autism. Doctors are using nonrecurring studies to focus on this age range, which will in turn provide helpful insight into the actual insight of the disease (Goat, Was, Taste, Wood, Panatelas, 2011) There has been evidence that patients suffering from schizophrenia end up experiencing more life events when healthy individuals. These life events could be because of the patients behavior, or totally environmental (Farrago, 2008). When looked at these events could be because of the presence of psychiatric condition. However, the quality of interaction between patient and family affects the patients relapse rate (Farrago, 2008). While a positive and loving attitude towards the patient may be productive, it is sometimes hard for a family to respond well to the illness. If the person suffers from paranoid schizophrenia then they will lash out at the family and have hallucinations involving the family. This makes it hard for the family to handle. Also, when the patient goes off meds these things get worse. There is so much stigma surrounding schizophrenia. Will the person hurt me? When are they going to go crazy? Can I catch it? Even to the point that there is a lower priority of mental health services and care received. At times there is a hard time getting good quality of staff to work in these services. Then there is the issue of finding proper housing for people who suffer from this disease, not to mention the social isolation patients feel. There is a long history of intolerance towards mental abnormality. As well as the reaction, others have towards it. This has only progressively gotten worse over the past two centuries. However this is only part of he story, mental illness has also been linked to discrimination as well. While schizophrenia affects about 1% of the world’s population, the cause is still unknown (Nines, 2010). The easiest way to combat the fear is with education. Teaching people as well as families how to handle a patient, and that they often have more lucid moments then not. Bipolar Disorder The ancient Greeks and Romans were responsible for the terms â€Å"mania† and â€Å"melancholia,† which are not the modern day manic and depressive. They discovered that using lithium salts in there baths calmed manic patients and lifted there sprits Cranks, 2012). Today, lithium is a common treatment for bipolar patients. While it is thought that many people were executed because they had a mental illness, being that religious people believed that these people were possessed by demons and should therefore be put to death (Cranks, 2012). Bipolar is most often diagnosed in young patients showing first major depressive episodes. In these cases, diagnosis normally only based on psychiatric history taken, not on the patient’s current state (Holman, Goth, WГ ¶keel, Postal, BГ ¶let, 2008). These patients also suffer with hypotonic episodes. Hypotonic episodes are characterized by a distinct period of persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting throughout at least 4 days and present for most of the day nearly every day. These Patients are normally diagnosed with Bipolar II (Psych Central Staff, 2013). While Bipolar, or manic- depressive disorder is a frequent, sever, mostly recurrent mood disorder it is also associated with great morbidity. The lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorder is 1. 3 to 1. 6% (Mueller-Airlessness, Forgoer, Bauer, 2002). The death rate of bipolar is two to three times higher than that of the general population. On average about 10-20% of individuals suffering from Bipolar disorder will take their own lives, with one third of patients saying they have attempted it (Mueller-Airlessness, Forgoer, Bauer, 2002). Bipolar is not a sexist disease, it does not discriminate. Except for the diagnosis of rapid-cycling, while being the most sever variant of the disease, it is more common in women (Mueller-Airlessness, Forgoer, Bauer, 2002). The peak age of onset falls between age 15 and 24 years, although there is often a 5-10- year interval before treatment is finally sought. Living with a person who has Bipolar disorder involves learning how to deal with the disruptions that their symptoms can cause, supporting that person through their recovery, and finding ways to cope with the effects on the family (Heretofore, 2013). Bipolar can really cause a strain on a family, depending on well managed the illness is (Heretofore, 2013). When the patient’s mood swings are mild, the family may experience some distress, but over time and with proper education about the illness, they can learn to manage. According to the National Institute of Mental Health, more than 5 million Americans eave bipolar disorder (Dickinson, 2007). The illness, which affects not only your own personal health and well-being but also your relationships with friends and family, can respond well to treatment (Dickinson, 2007). Stigma is debilitating for mental illnesses for any disease across the board. While the patient is struggling with the symptoms and disabilities that result from the disease, they are challenged with the stereotypes and prejudices that result from the misconceptions about mental illness (Shame, Chairmanship, Vivian, Woolworth, 2013). These people face challenges tit everyday life, Jobs, housing, health care, as well as dealing with people. Even the people that are family or caregivers have reported being stigmatize, 43 to 92% (Shame, Germans’, Vivian, Woolworth, 2013). Article Journals Summaries Facial expressions of emotions and schizophrenia: A review. Schizophrenia Bulletin This Journal explains how three studies were performed on patients with Schizophrenia. They were interested to see how patients showed a reduced ability to perceive and express facial emotions. They looked at decoding studies and their ability to perceive universally recognized facial expressions. It was found that while Schizophrenics have a harder time displaying positive facial expressions, they were able to show negative feels, such as fear. Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Persons Exposed to Ionizing Radiation as a Result of the Coherency Accident This study was performed on 100 workers of the Coherency EX how had worked as â€Å"Liquidators-volunteers† for 5 or more hearsay’s and 1987. This was brought about because in 1990 there was a spike in the amount of patients being diagnosed with Schizophrenia. This was compared against the general population. The thought was hat ionizing radiation may be working as an environmental trigger and causing a predisposition to schizophrenia, or cause schizophrenia-like disorders. The study says that a person exposed to 0. 30 SF or more are at a higher risk of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A Prospective Cohort Study of Genetic and Perennial Influences in the Etiology of Schizophrenia This study was preformed to figure out whether or not fetal hypoxia and other obstetric complications are related to the risk of adults developing Schizophrenia, also to see if whether each case is specific to early onset. They used 72 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, 63 of their siblings not diagnosed, and 7,941 non-psychiatric controls. They used longitudinal based study. They were able to find that there was an increased risk with patients that had suffered hypoxia during birth. However, there was no relationship between low birth weight and other obstetric complications. Burden of Caregivers of Patients with Bipolar Affective Disorders This study was conducted on 32 problem-oriented interviews with caregivers of patients with bipolar affective disorders, they were analyzed using content analysis. The 722 statements even about the burdens that these caregivers had were summarized into 49 global statements. The caregivers discussed how they felt helplessness when dealing with the ever-changing depressive and manic symptoms of the ill family member they were caring for. Also how they felt they suffered great burden. The findings of this study highlight that an appreciation of caregivers’ own consternation and information about how best to handle the (uncooperative) behavior of the patient should be taken into account in psycho educational groups as well as in the daily work routine of professionals. Are Working Memory Deficits in Bipolar Disorder Markers for Psychosis Doctors have found that many people suffering with bipolar disorder have been identified as having working memory deficits, however, there has been evidence that has linked this problem as being a marker for psychosis rather than affective disorder. When doing the study they looked at two groups with board, one with psychotic features, one without. With this study they were able to conclude that while some aspects of working memory performance are markers for psychosis, others were more general markers for bipolar disorders. Negative Life Events and Time to Recovery from Episodes of Bipolar Disorder While it is known that negative life events have been shown to cause relapse in patients with bipolar disorder, these doctors were looking at how severe negative life events effect the recovery time of someone with bipolar disorder. They recruited 67 individuals with bipolar disorder during hospitalizing and conducted monthly assessments for at least one year. They were able to find that patients with severe negative life effects took three times longer to recover then patients without negative life situations. Which leads us to live that psychological environment may play a much bigger role in the course of bipolar disorders then previous suggested. How to cite Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder, Papers

Business Association Corporations Law

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Association for Corporations Law. Answer: Introduction Interaction between the companies and stakeholders is regulated and formulated under the corporation law applicable to all the companies whether private or public listed or unlisted. Corporations Law regulates and formulates the provisions, principles and standards that are required to be followed by the directors and management of the companies for operating the business activities. Since directors and management are the personnel to manage the companys business functions, they are responsible to act in the benefit of the investors, consumers and company as a whole including g other stakeholders. The acts and duties of the directors of the companies are defined under the several provision of the Corporations Act[1]. The following assignment highlights the requisite rights and duties of the directors towards the company as well as investors and other stakeholders to maximize the profitability and maintain the sustainability. The assignment covers the discussion on the duties of the d irectors based on the case of Barbarians at the gate, Activist investors and section 249N of the Corporation Act 2001. The act also presents the corporate constitutionalist with respect to the values and ideas considering the political aspects and legal provisional framework while performing the business activities. Discussion According to the Australian Institute of Company Directors, the company is required to be managed and governed by its directors by following the legal rights and duties as defined in the Corporations Act 2001. However, in order to act as a companys director, the individuals are required to abide by the provisions of section 9, Corporation Act 2001 to qualify for the directorship. As per the provision of section 9, the individuals are required to be appointed as director in the company possessing the required knowledge and skill to act in the companys business functions. According to the Australian Corporation Law, the directors are required to follow the basic duties that are due care and diligence, good faith, proper use of position and proper use of information. As per the requirements of section 180, directors of the company are required to perform the business activities with due diligence and care to avoid any misconduct with respect to fraud or error[2]. Further, the common law of Australia also requires the directors to follow the duties as safe harbor for the best interest of the investors as well as for the entire company. Duties of directors are not merely for the interest of the investors but it extends to the entire company, which includes avoiding the conflicts of interests, improper use of position and companys information and such other derogatory activities. According to the provisions of the Corporation Act, a public company is required to have minimum three directors and two must be ordinary resident of Australia. Considering the provided case of Barbarians at the gate CTH (2016) 34 CSLJ 151, duties of the directors for the company and investors including other stakeholders are required to be analyzed. The case covers the activist investors as well as the provisions of section 249 N of the Corporations Act 2001. Activist investors mean a group of investors or individual investors who acquires large number of companys securities with the objective to acquire the companys management or board. The investors undertake such target if they come across any mismanagement in the companys business functions with respect to high costs, low profitability, non- compliance of legal principles and conflicts of interest to the investors[3]. Additionally, section 249 N of Corporation Act 2001 states the provisions for members resolution for the purpose of conducting a general meeting by placing a notice. Such notice for the general meeting is valid if it is provided by the members with minimum of 5% votes cast ed on the resolution or the number of members eligible to caste vote in general meeting should be 100. However, the notice should be in writing by mentioning the proper resolution and must be authenticated with the members signature. Based on the case of James Hardie and Centro with respect to the duties and obligations of the directors in the region of Australia. The case covers the responsibility of the directors to understand the documents and recordings of the financial information of the company for the benefit of the stakeholders. The directors of the company are responsible to manage the business activities with respect to the operational procedures, cost of business functions, proper presentation and preparation of the financial information[4]. The decision of the case provided a significant impact on the rights, duties and liabilities of the directors towards the investors and the entire company. The directors are responsible to follow the legal policies on maintain the corporate social responsibilities, business sustainability, maximization of profits and responsibilities for the benefit of stakeholders. For the purpose of the companys business decisions the general meeting is required to be conducted w here the approval of shareholders is required to authenticate the respective business decisions. For instance, appointment of directors for continuing the office and place of profit is required to be approved by the shareholders in general meeting. Hence, the directors are required to comply all the duties and obligations with due diligence and corporate provisions so that they can continue the performance and employment with the company. Legal Theory and Common Law represents the gap between legal provisions and specific field of such provisions with respect to the compliance of law and order. The theory covers the requirements of corporation law compliance with respect to political factors, social factors and economical factors. Business activities or functions in the companies should follow the requirements of the political, legal and social factors which the directors responsibility[5]. In case, the company is a manufacturing concern then the directors should manage the manufacturing process so that it does not harm the society and people around the manufacturing plant with the view Murphy v Electoral Commissioner HCA 36. Further, directors are required to ensure that the financial information or business transactions are properly recognized to determine the companys performance and its financial position with true and fair view. As per the provision of the Companies Act, directors are responsible to comply the re quirements for providing returns on investment to the investors as per the contracted time and manner. Duty of the directors include the duty to avoid the trading while the company is insolvent which occurs when the company is not able to pay off the debt obligations in the decided case law of Sio v The Queen HCA 32. It states that the directors are responsible to manage the cost of production and other business activities as well as generating the sales revenue to maximize the profitability of the company[6]. On the other hand, companys better performance influences the prospect investors to invest in the company that creates the value and growth in the market economy. The directors are required to maintain the companys accounting records that explains the performance of the company in the correct manner (Vines v ASIC 55 ACSR 617). If the books and other documents for the companys information should be prepared by following the provisions of Corporations Act along with the proper d isclosures for the use of the companys stakeholders. Corporate Constitutionalist model as described as per the corporate law theory defines and states the relationship between corporate and consumers including the stakeholders. The theory covers the contents of the economic analysis that affects the companys performance and sustainability by providing the principles and standards under the corporate law[7]. Corporate constitutionalism provides the ideas, values and elements by considering the political factors for the purpose of maintaining the corporate governance and taking business decisions. Companies are required to incorporate the necessary values and ideas as per the stated formulations and applications in the context of political factors as per the decided case law Jubliee Mines NL v Riley 253 ALR 673. The companies are responsible to conduct the business activities considering the social and political factors for the benefits of the consumers, investors and society along with the other stakeholders. The theory on corporate con stitutionalism focuses on the policies of corporate governance that directs the companies to conduct business in true and fair view[8]. Along with that, companies are required to follow the policies on sustainability and social responsibility by presenting the accountability of the financial information in transparent manner. The theory of corporate constitutionalism highlights the enterprise accountability, which not only states the importance of duties and responsibilities of the company towards the investors but also towards the entire community. Such duties and responsibilities are defined under the provisions of the corporation act and according to the theory; the duties are required to be divided as per the management skills and powers[9]. The theoretical framework provides the requirements of the corporate structure to delegate the requisite duties to the management and directors of the companies. It provides several models to define the duties and responsibilities of the directors to serve the company for the advantages of the shareholders and the entire company[10]. The board of directors is responsible to act not only in favor of the shareholders but also for the companys benefits with respect to the critical business decisions (ASIC v Fortescue Metals Group Ltd). Corporate stakeholders include the consumers, employees, creditors, debtors, investors, government and other executive employees for whom the enterprise is required to follow the business activities as per the required legislations and principles. In many situations companies come across the stage where business decision is required to be taken by the board of the directors in consultation of the shareholders. In such situations, directors are required to follow the standards of the corporate law as well as the requirement of the shareholders[11]. In some situations, shareholders of the company have the right to vote against the directors for the appointment in the general meeting considering the case of Gambbotto v WCP 182 CLR 432. Therefore, directors of the company are responsible to comply the provisions of the corporation act for conducting the business activities and recognizing the financial information. Directors of the company are responsible to conduct their duties for managing the business decisions to maximize the benefits of the company along with the consumers and investors. The theory on corporate constitutionalism presents the framework that directors are required to follow for managing the business process, business decisions for further investment, dividend distribution, diversification of product and services or any other critical activities[12]. According to the requirements of accounting principles and corporati on law, directors are required to present the disclosures of the valuation of the sources, their interest in the company and accounting policies Jubliee Mines NL v Riley 253 ALR 673. It is the responsibility of the management and directors to present all the relevant facts and disclosures in the financial statement so that the shareholders and other stakeholders are able to gather the information about the company. Conclusion It can be concluded that the business activities of the organizations depends on the proper duties performed by the management and directors. The directors of the company are responsible to address the concerns of the investors as well as the entire company to maximize the profitability and maintain the sustainability. Further, section 249N of the Corporation Act specifies the members requisition for presenting the notice to call a general meeting for certain business resolutions. On the other hand, directors are required to conduct their duties to manage the organizations so that the activist investors cannot acquire the company. Considering the objectives of activist investors, they acquire the organizational securities in large amount for acquiring the business management in case of material misstatement or any fraud or error. However, directors are responsible to perform the duties with respect to managing the business records properly, managing the production of goods and servic es with respect to the cost, demand, supply and sales revenue. In case, the directors fail to perform or manage the business activities following the accountability and transparency of the financial and other business information, it can be said the contravention of the corporation law. Apart from the requirements of the corporation law, theory on corporate constitutionalism presents the framework for the benefit of the entire company. It specifies the directors duties to manage the business functions for the company as a whole instead of performing only for the benefits of the shareholders. The directors are further required to manage the companys business in a way that maximizes its profitability and maintaining the sustainable growth with the compliance of corporate principles and standards. Reference List Ahn, K., "Competitive Response To Employee Mobility: Evidence From Mutual Fund Companies" (2014) 2014 Academy of Management Proceedings Arowoshegbe, Amos O. and Francis Kehinde Emeni, "Shareholders Wealth And Debt- Equity Mix Of Quoted Companies In Nigeria" (2014) 5 International Journal of Financial Research Comyns, B., "Determinants Of GHG Reporting: An Analysis Of Global Oil And Gas Companies" (2014) 2014 Academy of Management Proceedings Keay, Andrew and Michelle Welsh, "Enforcing Breaches Of Directors Duties By A Public Body And Antipodean Experiences" (2015) 15Journal of Corporate Law Studies Keay, Andrew, "The Shifting Of Directors' Duties In The Vicinity Of Insolvency" (2015) 24Int. Insolv. Rev. Khansalar, Ehsan, Mahmood Lari Dasht-Bayaz and Darioush Maboodi, "Structure Of Board Of Directors And CompanyS Performance" (2015) 10 IJBM Koleda, Nadezda and Karine Oganisjana, "Challenges In Learning For CompanyS Financial Viability Assessment And Management" (2015) 16 Business: Theory and Practice Leon Sanz, Francisco Jose, "The Incorporation Of The Directive On The Exercise Of Certain Rights By Shareholders Of Listed Companies To Spanish Law On Proxies" SSRN Electronic Journal Odewale, Robert W. and Hasnah Kamardin, "Company Performance In Nigerian Listed Companies: Do Large Shareholders Expropriate Minority Shareholders?" [2015] MJSS Reilly, T., "One Company Fund: Benchmark Senior Living Employee Benefits Program Returns Important Benefits To The Company" (2012) 44 Compensation Benefits Review Stunguriene, Stanislava and Ceslovas Christauskas, "Benefits Of Applying Different Depreciation Methods Of Long-Term Tangible Assets In A Company" (2014) 82 socscie Varzaly, Jenifer, "The Enforcement Of Directors Duties In Australia: An Empirical Analysis" (2015) 16Eur Bus Org Law Rev Zimon, Grzegorz and Dominik Zimon, "Influence Of Quality Management Systems On The Financial Capital Management Strategies In Trading Companies" [2014] Modern Management Review

On Quake, Marilyn Manson, Doom, The Matrix, And How They Corrupt Ameri

On Quake, Marilyn Manson, Doom, The Matrix, And How They Corrupt America's Youth Disclaimer: I do not promote youth violence, but even if I did, it's the parent's job to make sure my opinion doesn't affect their children. Do I really have to say anything else? The disclaimer say enough, but to drive my point across, I'll repeat it in several different ways in the next few paragraphs. First of all, I want to say that I am 100% against censorship. It totally goes against a little law called THE 1ST AMENDMENT! And as for pressuring the movie, music, television and video game industries into producing cleaner content goes, we do need some of that. But I must say, ratings aren't there because companies put them there for fun. For each of the above mentioned, there are rating and parental advisory systems. If you need a little refreshment on what they are, write me and I'll send you a copy of them. But that really isn't necessary considering that: every single movie you've ever seen has its rating on the box, on the posters, on the ticket, next to it in your TV guide, and sometimes shows it nice and big right before the movie; every single CD or cassette you have bought in the last few years, if it contained what was deemed inappropriate material for people under 18, had a warning label on the packaging; all TV shows now show a rating at the top of your screen at the beginning of the program and after commercials, and ratings are also listed with the title in TV listings; every video game you 've bought since the second phase of Super Nintendo games has a rating on the packaging and on the game itself. So booya if you say there's no way of knowing if the material is inappropriate for your kid or not! Wise up and pay attention! I know what you're saying, ?The ratings are there, but who is deciding these ratings and what sort of standards are they using The people who decide this stuff aren't idiots. They judge the content of every line in the film, making note of every curse word, sexual reference, and violent suggestion. Sometimes they screw up and leave out a little detail, or don't recognize the offensive reference because of the way a line is used or the modern language used. Some examples: ? On Nickelodeon, there was a character on ?All That? who sat in a bathtub with a rubber duck and wore a yellow rain hat. He would say things like ? Do you want to squeeze my ducky? and make references to monkeys a lot. I couldn't believe this was even on Nickelodeon, much less rated TV Y. ? The review panel may not recognize ?roll up a fatty? or another modern term as a drug reference. ? Mufasa's death in ?The Lion King? did not cause the movie to receive a PG rating because the battle scene towards the end of the movie (in which another character dies) was deemed suitable, and so therefore Mufasa's death was also suitable. Those are only specifics, but I have seen a few cartoons I didn't think were for the younger crowd because of the violence or situations the characters were faced with. So here's the solution to safe-guarding your kids if you think ratings don't help enough: watch the show or movie with them, listen to the music before you give it to them, and find out what a game is about before you buy it. Lastly, PAY MORE ATTENTION TO YOUR KIDS!!! Just because we are teenagers and you think we are pretty grown up doesn't mean we won't be affected by the stuff we are exposed to. It also doesn't mean that we always make the best decisions concerning what we watch, listen to, or play. Lastly, if you don't notice that your child is building bombs in your basement, he should blow YOU up. At least then the problem will be half solved. Bibliography -All above is from my6 own experiences Movies and Television

What You Should Know About Kants Ethics in a Nutshell

What You Should Know About Kants Ethics in a Nutshell Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) is, by common consent, one of the most profound and original philosophers who ever lived. He is equally well known for his metaphysics–the subject of his Critique of Pure Reason-and for his moral philosophy which is set out in his Groundwork to the Metaphysics of Morals and the Critique of Practical Reason. Of these last two works, the Groundwork is by far the easier to understand. A Problem for the Enlightenment To understand Kant’s moral philosophy it is crucial first of all to understand the problem that he, like other thinkers of the time, was trying to deal with. From time immemorial, people’s moral beliefs and practices had been based on religion. Scriptures like the bible or the Koran laid out moral rules that were thought to be handed down from God: Don’t kill. Don’t steal. Don’t commit adultery, and so on. The fact that the rules came from God gave them their authority. They were not just somebody’s arbitrary opinion: they gave humanity an objectively valid code of conduct. Moreover, everyone had an incentive to obey them.  If you â€Å"walked in the ways of the Lord,† you would be rewarded, either in this life or the next. If you violated His commandments, you would be punished. So any sensible person would abide by the moral rules that religion taught. With the scientific revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries, and the great cultural movement known as the Enlightenment which followed, a problem arose for this way of thinking. Simply put, faith in God, scripture, and organized religion began to decline among the intelligentsia–that is, the educated elite. This is the development that Nietzsche famously described as â€Å"the death of God.† And it created a problem for moral philosophy. For if religion wasn’t the foundation that gave our moral beliefs their validity, what other foundation could there be? And if there is no God, and therefore no guarantee of cosmic justice ensuring that the good guys are rewarded and the bad guys are punished, why should anyone bother trying to be good? The Scottish moral philosopher Alisdair MacIntrye called this â€Å"the Enlightenment problem.† The problem is to come up with a secular–that is, a non-religious–account of what morality is and why we should be moral. Three Responses to the Enlightenment Problem 1.  Social Contract Theory One response was pioneered by the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679). He argued that morality was essentially a set of rules that human beings agreed upon among themselves in order to make living together possible. If we didn’t have these rules, many of which are laws enforced by the government, life would be absolutely horrible for everyone. 2.  Utilitarianism Another attempt give morality a non-religious foundation was pioneered by thinkers like David Hume (1711-1776) and Jeremy Bentham (1748-1742). This theory holds that pleasure and happiness have intrinsic value. They are what we all want and are the ultimate goals that all our actions aim at.  Something is good if it promotes happiness, and it is bad if it produces suffering. Our basic duty is to try to do things that add to the amount of happiness or reduce the amount of misery in the world.   3.  Kantian Ethics Kant had no time for utilitarianism.  He thought that in placing the emphasis on happiness it completely misunderstood the nature of morality.  In his view, the basis for our sense of what is good or bad, right or wrong, is our awareness that human beings are free, rational agents who should be given the respect appropriate to such beings.  Let’s see in closer detail what this means and what it entails. The Problem With Utilitarianism The basic problem with utilitarianism, in Kant’s view, is that it judges actions by their consequences.  If your action makes people happy, it’s good; if it does the reverse, it’s bad.  But this is actually contrary to what we might call moral common sense.  Consider this question.  Who do you think is the better person, the millionaire who gives $1,000 to charity in order to look good in front of his girlfriend, or the minimum wage worker who donates a day’s pay to charity because he thinks it is is duty to help the needy? If consequences are all that matter, then the millionaire’s action is better.  But that’s not what most people think.  Most of us judge actions more by their motives than by their consequences.  The reason is obvious: the consequences of our actions are often out of our control, just as the ball is out of the pitcher’s control once it has left his hand.  I could save a life at the risk of my own, and the person I save could turn out to be serial killer.  Or I could kill someone in the course of stealing from them, and in doing so might accidentally save the world from a terrible tyrant. The Good Will The first sentence of Kant’s Groundwork states: â€Å"the only thing that is unconditionally good is a good will.† Kant’s argument for this is quite plausible. Consider anything you think of as good: health, wealth, beauty, intelligence, etc. In every case, you can imagine a situation in which this good thing is not good after all. A person can be corrupted by their wealth. The robust health of a bully makes it easier for him to abuse his victims. A person’s beauty may lead them to become vain and fail to develop their talents. Even happiness is not good if it is the happiness of a sadist torturing his victims. A good will, by contrast, says Kant, is always good in all circumstances. But what, exactly, does he mean by a good will? The answer is fairly simple. A person acts from a good will when they do what they do because they think it is their duty: when they act from a sense of moral obligation. Duty v. Inclination Obviously, we don’t perform every little act we do out of a sense of obligation. Much of the time we are simply following our inclinations, acting out of self-interest. There is nothing wrong with this. But no-one deserves any credit for pursuing their own interests. That comes naturally to us, just as it comes naturally to every animal. What is remarkable about human beings, though, is that we can, and sometimes do, perform an action from purely moral motives. E.g. a soldier throws himself on a grenade, sacrificing his life to save the lives of others. Or less dramatically, I pay back a debt as I promised to do even though this will leave me short of money. In Kant’s eyes, when a person freely chooses to do the right thing just because it is the right thing to do, their action adds value to the world; it lights it up, so to speak, with a brief glow of moral goodness. Knowing What Your Duty Is Saying that people should do their duty from a sense of duty is easy. But how are we supposed to know what our duty is? Sometimes we may find ourselves facing moral dilemmas where it isn’t obvious which course of action is right. According to Kant, however, in most situations are duty is obvious. And if we are uncertain we can work it out by reflecting on a general principle that he calls the â€Å"Categorical Imperative.† This, he claims, is the fundamental principle of morality. All other rules and precepts can be deduced from it. He offers several different versions of this categorical imperative. One runs as follows: â€Å"Act only on that maxim that you can will as a universal law.† What this means, basically, is that we should only ask ourselves: how would it be if everyone acted the way I’m acting? Could I sincerely and consistently wish for a world in which everyone behaved this way? According to Kant, if our action is morally wrong we would not b able to do this. For instance, suppose I’m thinking of breaking a promise. Could I wish for a world in which everyone broke their promises when keeping them was inconvenient? Kant argues that I could not want this, not least because in such a world no-one would make promises since everyone would know that a promise meant nothing. The Ends Principle Another version of the Categorical Imperative that Kant offers states that one should â€Å"always treat people as ends in themselves, never merely as a means to one’s own ends. This is commonly referred to as the â€Å"ends principle.† But what does it mean, exactly?   The key to it is Kant’s belief that what makes us moral beings is the fact that we are free and rational. To treat someone as a means to your own ends or purposes is to not respect this fact about them. For instance, if I get you to agree to do something by making a false promise, I am manipulating you. Your decision to help me is based on false information (the idea that I’m going to keep my promise). In this way, I have undermined your rationality. This is even more obvious if I steal from you or kidnap you in order to claim a ransom. Treating someone as an end, by contrast, involves always respecting the fact that they are capable of free rational choices which may be  different from the choices you wish them to make. So if I want you to do something, the only moral course of action is to explain the situation, explain what I want, and let you make your own decision. Kant’s Concept of Enlightenment In a famous essay entitled â€Å"What is Enlightenment?† Kant defined enlightenment as â€Å"man’s emancipation from his self-imposed immaturity.† What does this mean? And what does it have to do with his ethics? The answer goes back to the issue of religion no longer providing a satisfactory foundation for morality. What Kant calls humanity’s â€Å"immaturity† is the period when people did not truly think for themselves.  They typically accepted moral rules handed down to them by religion, by tradition, or by authorities like the Bible, the church, or the king. Many people have lamented the fact that many have lost their faith in these authorities. The result is viewed as a spiritual crisis for Western civilization. If â€Å"God is dead,† how do we know what is true and what is right? Kant’s answer is that we have to work these things out for ourselves. But this is not something to lament.  Ultimately it is something to celebrate. Morality is not a matter of subjective whim. What he calls â€Å"the moral law† –the categorical imperative and everything it implies–can be discovered by reason. But it is a law that we, as rational beings, impose on ourselves. It is not imposed on us from without. This is why one of our deepest feelings is reverence for the moral law. And when we act as we do out of respect for it–in other words, from a sense of duty–we fulfill ourselves as rational beings.

Geology and Topography of Antarctica

Geology and Topography of Antarctica Antarctica is not an ideal place for a geologist to work - it is widely considered one of the coldest, driest, windiest and, during winter, darkest places on Earth. The kilometers-thick ice sheet sitting on top of 98 percent of the continent makes geologic study even more difficult. Despite these uninviting conditions, geologists are slowly gaining a better understanding of the fifth-largest continent through the use of gravity meters, ice-penetrating radar, magnetometers, and seismic instruments. Geodynamic Setting and History Continental Antarctica makes up just a portion of the much larger Antarctic Plate, which is surrounded by mostly mid-ocean ridge boundaries with six other major plates. The continent has an interesting geologic history - it was part of the supercontinent Gondwana as recently as 170 million years ago and made a final split from South America 29 million years ago. Antarctica has not always been covered in ice. At numerous times in its geologic history, the continent was warmer due to a more equatorial location and differing paleoclimates. It is not rare to find fossil evidence of vegetation and  dinosaurs  on the now-desolate continent. The most recent large-scale glaciation is thought to have begun around 35 million years ago. Antarctica has traditionally been thought of as sitting on a stable, continental shield with little geologic activity. Recently, scientists installed 13 weather-resistant seismic stations on the continent that measured the speed of earthquake waves through underlying bedrock and mantle. These waves change speed and direction whenever they encounter a different temperature or pressure in the mantle or a different composition in the bedrock, allowing geologists to create a virtual image of the underlying geology. The evidence revealed deep trenches, dormant volcanoes, and warm anomalies, suggesting that the area may be more geologically active than once thought. From space, Antarcticas geographic features seem, for lack of a better word, nonexistent. Underneath all of that snow and ice, however, lie several mountain ranges. The most prominent of these, the  Transantarctic  Mountains, are over 2,200 miles long and split the continent into two distinct halves: East Antarctica and West Antarctica. East Antarctica sits on top of a Precambrian craton, made up of mostly metamorphic rocks like gneiss and schist.  Sedimentary deposits from the Paleozoic to Early Cenozoic age lie above it.  Western Antarctica, on the other hand, is made up of orogenic belts from the past 500 million years. The summits and high valleys of the Transantarctic Mountains are some of the only places on the entire continent not covered in ice.  The other areas that are free from ice can be found on the  warmer Antarctic Peninsula, which extends 250 miles northward from West Antarctica  towards South America. Another mountain range, the  Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, rises almost 9,000 feet above sea level over a 750-mile expanse in East Antarctica. These mountains, however, are covered by several thousand feet of ice. Radar imaging reveals sharp peaks and low valleys with topography comparable to the European Alps. The East Antarctic Ice Sheet has encased the mountains and protected them from erosion rather than smoothing them into glacial valleys. Glacial Activity Glaciers affect not only the topography of Antarctica but also its underlying geology. The weight of ice in West Antarctica literally pushes the bedrock down, depressing low-lying areas below sea level. Seawater near the edge of the ice sheet creeps between the rock and glacier, causing the ice to move much faster towards the sea. Antarctica is completely surrounded by an ocean, allowing sea ice to greatly expand in winter. Ice normally covers around 18 million square miles at the September maximum (its winter) and decreases to 3 million square miles during the February minimum (its summer).  NASAs Earth Observatory has a nice side-by-side graphic comparing the maximum and minimum sea ice cover of the past 15 years. Antarctica is almost a geographic opposite of the Arctic, which is an ocean semi-enclosed by landmasses. These surrounding landmasses inhibit sea ice mobility, causing it to pile up into high and thick ridges during the winter. Come summer, these thick ridges stay frozen longer. The Arctic retains around 47 percent (2.7 of 5.8 million square miles) of its ice during warmer months. The extent of Antarcticas sea ice has increased by approximately one percent per decade since 1979 and reached record-breaking levels in 2012 to 2014. These gains do not make up for diminishing sea ice in the Arctic, however, and global sea ice continues to disappear at a rate of 13,500 square miles (larger than the state of Maryland) per year.

What Led to the Loss of Many lives During the Waco Siege Research Paper

What Led to the Loss of Many lives During the Waco Siege - Research Paper Example The result of the 51-day siege resulted in the deaths of more than 80 people including 4 ATF agents. The 4 agents died due to gunfire exchange with the members of the Cult on the first day of the raid. The agents of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms had waited until the last day of the expiry of the warrant issued by a Texas judge on the Mount Carmel establishment. Surviving members of the Koresh organization have always blamed the ATF and the federal officials for the handling of the situation. The justice department, which came under fire after the events have always pointed the finger at the Branch Davidian’s and their suicidal attempts for the massacre.... The report suggests that Koresh had wives who were in teen years and the raid was carried out in order to save the young children. Evidence also suggests that Koresh punished the children in the compound and told them it was a privilege for them to have sex with him. Food was also withheld from children who went against his orders. The assumption by the department according to the report does not indicate if the abuse continued even during the 51-day siege, in which the Justice department authorized the use of CS gas in order to stop the siege. However, Tausch (33) argues that the real reason for the raid as indicated by the warrant was to confiscate the weapons held by the Branch Davidian’s because of failing to pay a small fee. Tausch further argues that the reason unearthed by the justice department after the raid were fabricated to show that the ATF, the FBI and the Justice Department were right to invade the private Christian commune (72). Reavis (1o7), supports Tausch ar gument that the ATF and the justice department are to blame for the loss of the many lives at Waco. He argues that the ATF and the local police unit were much disorganized and no one was in total command during the raid on the first day. He argues that the loss of 4 officers and 16 others who were hurt could have been avoided if there was good communications. He further argues that Koresh was intimidated by the ATF and the other agents involved in the raid because they came guns blazing. Reavis also argues that the ATF did not walk to the doors of the Koresh establishment to serve him the warrant but instead, they went for a firefight. This prompted Koresh to fight back. In addition to this, the FBI who took over the running of the mission after the first day, kept communication with Koresh

Art Consumption in Ghana by African Americans Research Paper

Art Consumption in Ghana by African Americans - Research Paper Example The exploration of patterns of consumption is one which can lead those associated with the art of Ghana to have more connections for the indigenous expressions. Consumption of Art of Ghana The African art that is in various regions of the world is known to associate directly with the identity of culture and social status. The consumption which occurs with the Ghana art is one which directly links to the identity of the African culture. The exploration of this is based on a creation of African art that creates a direct link to the roots of African – Americans. The circuits that are known to identify through the art from Ghana directly associates with the anthropology of the region. Those that have the art are directly linking to a space of African art that links to the roots of culture and society. This is furthered with the understanding that the African – American link to Ghana is directly associated with the perception of art that is a part of the heritage of those in the United States (Stoller, 2003). Not only is the consumption based on the anthropological links to social and cultural identity. ... The art form of culture that is associated with this attracts African – Americans that recognize the philosophies and functions that are a part of the cultural ideologies. The consumption then becomes linked to a variety of dimensions, including the philosophical, traditional, cultural, social and belief systems that are a part of the heritage and roots of all Africans. It is noted that the continuous growth of consumption of art from Ghana is attributed to the link to the heritage of the area (Adjaye 2003). Growing Interest in Artifacts The basis of consumption that is associated with the culture of Ghana is one which is continuing to grow with the philosophies of African – Americans that link to this. The African – American identity is continuing to grow toward recognizing the beliefs and philosophies through the artwork, combined with the ideologies of meaning of culture. As the culture is emerged and recognized among African – Americans are other ideol ogies which attract individuals to the artwork. Many believe that by consuming more of the work, knowledge of the heritage and history is available. This combines with the information which is readily available about the indigenous cultures and which links to African - American heritage. As these links continue to emerge into society, a stronger sense of consumption emerges as a recognized identity from African – Americans. It is expected that the knowledge will allow the links to history to continue to build the amount of consumption by African – Americans (Rovine, 2001). The growing consumption is not only identified with more knowledge about the heritage and traditions that African – Americans claim as their own. There is also an

The Red Room Essay Example for Free

The Red Room Essay The story ‘The Red Room’ is written by H. G. Wells in 1896. The story is written in first person narrative the narrator is the 28 year old male who is very arrogant and boastful about never seeing a ghost. The story is being told by the main male character. The Red Room is based in a suspected haunted house called Lorraine Castle. The character is in Lorraine castle because he has been told it is haunted so is there to investigate if there are actually ghosts in the castle as he has been told there is. During the story the only thing that haunts him is his own fear and imagination. The man says â€Å"in all its nakedness fear that will not have light nor sound, that will not bear with reason, that deafens and darkens and overwhelms† this is saying that he wasn’t scared by anything but the fear of being haunted by something. After his experiences in the red room he concludes that the castle is not haunted by the ghost of earl nor the ghost of countess. The other characters in the story are the old people, this includes an old woman and two old men. The old woman is a very wise woman who lives in the house she has very pale eyes wide open which see gaze into the fire, she chooses the ignore the second old mans comments. The first old man has a withered arm and is wrinkled in the face, he dislikes the second old man as well. Then there is the last of the old people, the second old man. He walks with a crutch and is very wrinkled and old, the description we get of this old man in the story is â€Å"He supported himself by a single crutch, his eyes were covered by a shade, and his lower lip, half averted, hung pale and pink from his decaying yellow teeth†. He also has a nasty cough. The old people talk to the man like they have experience seeing the ghosts themselves repeating â€Å"its your own choosing† meaning whatever happens to him in the red room will be a consequence of his actions in that room. Although the old woman is a very wise woman she says â€Å"this night of all nights! † maybe she is referring to an event happening that same night years ago like the death of the countess after her husband played a joke on her â€Å"the tale of a timid wife and the tragic end that came to her husband‘s jest of frightening herâ€Å". The man says ‘I half suspected the old people were trying to enhance the spiritual terror of their house by their droning insistence’. here he is referring to how the old people make him feel, he also suspects the old people of making more of the ghosts. Lorraine castle is a very big dark place with shadows overlooking every move you make. One of the old men gives the young man a list of directions to get to the red room this is showing that the castle is big. The rooms are big and decorated with â€Å"deep-toned, old fashioned† furniture, the young man suspects a statue of a Ganymede and an Eagle is â€Å"someone crouching to waylay† him. The long, chilly and dusty corridors lead to the spiralling staircase which takes you to the red room, the most haunted room in the house. The doors are covered with baize making these room look forbidden . The castle is lit up by candles and the moonlight which shines through the big windows. The red room is a very shadowy place coloured red and black with big bay windows. The candles and fire flicker with the draught coming in from the windows barely lighting up the room, rescuing it from the shadows that haunt the room â€Å"had that indefinable quality of a presence, that odd suggestion of a lurking, living thingâ€Å". The young man is very threatened by the darkness of the castle. â€Å"Tonight of all nights† that night could resemble the death of the young countess after her encounter with her husband. The fear of getting haunted by something got to much for the young man, making him go a bit crazy. Running back and forth to keep the room light relighting the candles that get blown out by the draught coming from both the young man running and the windows. He was so afraid of being haunted by the shadows â€Å"the shadows I feared and fought against returned, and crept in upon meâ€Å". When all the candles are fading out the man panics to get out of the red room quick, he ends up injuring himself on all the furniture ‘a vague memory of battering myself thus, to and fro in the darkness’. Eventually he knocks himself out â€Å"a horrible sensation of falling that lasted an age, of my last frantic effort to keep my footing, and then I remember no moreâ€Å". When he wakes up, he is found my the old man with a withered arm, not being able to remember who he is ‘I seen to remember you, and yet I cannot remember who you are’. The man soon recovers his memory and is able to tell the old man about his experience in the red room. The young mans character changed dramatically during the story, he went from being over confident, arrogant not believing in ghosts to somebody that is absolutely terrified at the thought of being haunted and seeing a ghost. When the man tells the others that the room â€Å"is haunted† it seems like he is going to carry on and admit that the room is haunted, going back on what he said at the beginning of the story but he doesn’t, he builds up the tension â€Å"there is neither ghost of earl nor ghost of countess in that room, there is no ghost there at all; but worse, far worse-† and then tells them that the room is haunted by fear. So we don’t know what actually happened to the narrator in the red room, was he imagining it or was there actually a ghost?. My opinion on the effectiveness of the text as a ghost story is that it is not actually a ghost story, there isn’t a ghost that haunts the young man, it is fear. It is a classic scary story with darkness and fear lurking around, not knowing what is going to happen. Fear is uncontrollable, maybe it was fear that killed the young duke sending in flying down the stairs, just like it nearly killed the young man. Making him lose all his senses and go mad but he fought it and got out alive. Fear will always be there â€Å"you can feel it even I the daytime, even of a bright summers day, in the hangings, in the curtains, keeping behind you however you face about it† â€Å" there is Fear in that room of hersblack Fear, and there will beso long as this house of sin endures†. Fear will be there until the house is destroyed.

Essay --

Jeff Leone The Colorado River â€Å"Don’t waste that water! Kids in Africa don’t even have water to drink!† Almost every American has heard this saying before. We have heard this because there are water shortages in third world countries like Africa, as seen in the movie â€Å"Blue Gold†. But why have we developed this notion that there are only water shortages in third world countries? When in reality, there is a shortage of water right here in our home country. The Colorado River’s water is high in demand as it serves millions of people, powers industries, and is home to all different kinds of wildlife. The Colorado River will not be able to keep up with the increasing demand of water and soon enough the river will go dry. Organizations like the Colorado River Water Users Association are trying to change the way that the water is used and adjust how it is managed. The Colorado River is drying up and the western states are running out of water, however, public policy is trying to regulate and preserve the Colorado River to make it more sustainable in the future. The Colorado River, which has so many uses and serves so many, is running out of water. The river delivers water and power to nearly 30 million people who live in the basin states. (River Uses) That includes people who live in Colorado, Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, California, Wyoming and Mexico. In addition, the river is crucial to the economy because â€Å"throughout the seven basin states, the Colorado River provides water for people and for business and industry - creating jobs for millions, jobs that contribute to local economies and billions of dollars to the nation.† (River Uses) The river is also important as it provides irrigation to about 1.4 million acres of land for fa... ...ld 17.5 million acre-feet (5.7 trillion gallons) of water. However†¦ The river now averages about 14.7 million acre-feet per year† (National geographic) In addition, the water level of the rivers two largest reservoirs, Lake Mead and Lake Powell, have dropped over the past couple of years. (National Geographic) One of the biggest signs that the river is struggling is that it discharges little to no water to the sea for months at a time. (National Geographic) The Colorado River is on a path that will take it to its end. The river is running out of water and cannot keep up with the high demand. New technology and growing industries require more water and more power. Organizations are attempting to solve the problem through public policy but the task may prove too large. Humans have changed the coarse of nature and it is up to us to come together and fight for change.

Positive Impact of Woman Labor in Economic Growth Essay

Labor – one of the factors of production and serves as the source of competitive advantage of various countries in attracting foreign investors. Alongside with labor is the concept of productivity which is the largest single component of economic growth especially for those labor intensive countries. Therefore, government of various countries around the globe a lot enough focus on maintaining the equilibrium condition of their labor market in order to achieve impressive economic growth. But with the advent of globalization, the demand for laborers extended up to such point wherein the labor market has to accommodate woman on the pool of labor. But why is that so? Are there any benefits that can be derived from hiring a woman on a certain business firm? This paper aims to identify the effects of woman’s entrance to labor pool to economic growth as well as the factor/s that contributed in order for such event to occur in the labor market. Relationship of Woman Labor and Economic Growth   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gender bias in labor force is a large factor to some of the countries especially in the Middle East wherein the labor pool is still being dominated by men and discrimination and injustices to women is very much accepted into their society. But there are still those liberal countries that welcome the entrance of women to labor force. Like for instance in UK, women serve as one of the source of higher productivity and economic growth (Walby, 2002). For the past decades, UK is relatively stable in terms of market success due to the improvement of the skills of their labor force and women made a significant contribution for the attainment of such impressive productivity and high performance. The characteristics of women like being keen to details and always want to take their time in order to attain the highest possible quality improved the efficiency and effectiveness of UK’s labor force.   Furthermore, though women are physically weak as compared to men, they are more productive when it comes to making planning and strategies on how to solve various problems concerning the welfare of the company or a business firms. This distinct characteristic of women serves as an avenue towards the improvement of the entire labor pool of UK for the past years. Moreover, it was identified that deficit in the labor force in the UK market provided a room for the market system to accept the entrance of women into the labor force despite of the fact that women have fewer educational qualifications than men; but this draw back on women was already settled by the present young women. Women nowadays compete at par with men in terms of attaining higher positions in the corporate world as they start to attain higher academic degrees. With this increase on productivity of labor force in UK industries started to generate more income and becomes more profitable. Moreover, domestic production is deemed to boost by the time skilled women entered the labor force of UK. In this regard, it is clear that the entry of women to labor force did provide positive impacts on the economic growth of the country. This insight do not suggest that men are already less efficient as compared to women, the point is, with the entry of women in the labor pool, the efficiency and effectiveness of men is further improved by the women. But with regards to physical productivity, still, men are still the one who dominates in the said area. Moreover, with the entrance of women in the labor force, flexibility of the labor pool improves since there were some tasks that only women can perform or requires the experiences of a woman. As a result, the productivity of the labor forces increase and so with the entire economy. At the end of the day, the entrance of women to labor force increases the volume of domestic production as more laborers can now be hired by domestic and foreign firms; as well as the improvement on the quality of the products being produced in the economy due to the innate characteristics of women like their keen attention to details provides lesser rooms for mistakes or errors. Moreover, those increases in the domestic production and higher quality of products will make the GDP of the country to increase which in return will improve the economic and social welfare of every laborers in the market. References Walby, S. (2002). The Impact of Women’s Position in the Labor Market on Pay and Implications for UK Productivity. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from http://www.womenandequalityunit.gov.uk/publications/weu_pay_and_productivity.pdf

Things Fall Apart Chinua Achebe

China Achebe, has achieved textual Integrity through a set of core Ideas which are developed through the characters and events In the novel. The novel shows the drastic effect of white missionaries who colonies an African clan of Bib people; bringing with them a new religion as well as laws, punishments and very deferent customs. Events described In the narrative highlight that a community and or an Individual must at some point adapt to change and a new environment or face being marginal's by the society.Awoken also works ere hard to show his strength, as an individuals fear of failure and social humiliation may influence their behavior in society as well as isolate them. Particular characters In the novel manifest how religion and spirituality create a sense of safety and stability In society as well as something to fear. Achebe has portrayed these concepts in the community of the Bib people through the coming of the missionaries and the downfall of the protagonist, Awoken. A commu nity and or individual must at some point adapt to change and a new environment or face being marginal's by the society.When the white missionaries come to the village of Ambulant they eventually build a hospital and a school, and welcome everyone to ]Olin In their beliefs bringing the Isolated and the deserted together and giving them meaning in their lives. This is in harsh contrast to Awoken who wants to resist and bring back the familiar and known ways of the clan. â€Å"Awoken said that ‘until the abominable gang was chased out of the village with whips there would be no peace†. This harsh statement conveys his unbending personality and his narrow view of the way the situation should be dealt with: as he its contrary to his clansmen.This inability to adapt and accept the changes in his community lead to Ginkgo's ultimate downfall. â€Å"That man was one of the greatest men In Mafia. You drove him to kill himself;† The white Commissioner was blamed for the de ath of Awoken; blamed for his seclude. At some point it becomes a necessity to change adapt or even simply accept new arrivals and change or face not being able to live. An individuals fear of failure and social humiliation may influence their behavior in society as well as isolate them. Awoken has worked his whole life to be different to is father and show the strength he has in him.It plays a huge part in his personality and affects how he treats people and how he reacts to things; always trying to be the opposite of his father who in his eyes was a failure. â€Å"Fortunately among these people a man was judged according to his worth and not according to the worth of his father. † Achebe's dramatic irony reveals Awoken has nothing to fear as his people will only Judge him on his individual worth and not his fathers actions. Awoken never showed weakness or any emotion that was not anger. He had no patience for ND a temper, which his family lived in fear of. But his whole lif e was dominated by fear, the fear of failure and of weakness†¦ It (his fear) was not external but lay deep within himself†¦ It was the fear of himself, lest he should be found to resemble his father†. This consuming fear of himself dominated his life, made him who he was and influenced his behavior so much so it lead to regrettable mistakes. Religion and spirituality create a sense of safety and stability in society as well as something to fear. â€Å"It (Muffin) was feared by all it's neighbors. It was powerful in war and in magic.The fear of magic is strong and protects Muffle from war, and well as defends it. Their religious beliefs gave them strength when it came to their enemies; no one wishes to wage war with a magic so powerful. This creates a fear driven law abidance. â€Å"She (The Priestess of Cabala) was full of the power of her God, and she was greatly feared†. Spirituality can give an individual power and a revered status. The Priestess of Cabala Juxtaposes other women in this book, differentiating herself from the crowd with her ability to communicate with the spiritual realm and the Goddess Cabala.Spirituality and religious beliefs constitute an unquestionable power and a fear no one can contradict. One must be able to accommodate change and conform to society to a certain extent to allow improvement in oneself and even ones culture which is ever changing, ever improving otherwise one can face being left behind, being marginal's or unable to endure the lasting effects. Awoken could not change or accept the changes in is community, he concentrated on not failing himself and avoiding social humiliation and keeping a stable and respected status in community which can influence ones behavior in society, or lead to isolation.Spirituality creates a sure sense of balance and security and a fear that establishes order in a society which Achebe provokes through the novel and states the idea in many forms as to be accessible by all . Achebe's novel ‘Things Fall Apart' has these core concepts which achieve its textual integrity and are displayed through the Bib people in Africa however can be expanded and applied to the whole. ‘Things Fall Apart', a novel by China Achebe, has achieved textual integrity through a et of core ideas which are developed through the characters and events in the punishments and very different customs.Events described in the narrative highlight in the novel manifest how religion and spirituality create a sense of safety and stability in society as well as something to fear. Achebe has portrayed these concepts welcome everyone to Join in their beliefs bringing the isolated and the deserted personality and his narrow view of the way the situation should be dealt with; as he men in Mafia. You drove him to kill himself;† The white Commissioner was blamed or the death of Awoken; blamed for his suicide.At some point it becomes a a man was Judged according to his worth and n ot according to the worth of his his ‘lazy son Known and always ran his household with a tough and hard set of rules something to fear. â€Å"It (Muffle) was feared by all it's neighbors. It was powerful in that a community and or an individual must at some point adapt to change and a war and in magic. † The fear of magic is strong and protects Muffin from war, and men in Comfit. You drove him to kill himself;† The white Commissioner was blamed

St. Olaf College Admissions and Acceptance Rate

St. Olaf College Admissions and Acceptance Rate Students interested in attending St. Olaf College will need to submit an application (the school accepts the Common Application), SAT or ACT scores, official high school transcripts, a letter of recommendation, and a personal essay. The school is fairly selective; it has a low acceptance rate of 45  percent, and successful applicants will generally need above-average grades and standardized test scores. For more information about applying, be sure to visit the schools website, or contact the admissions office for assistance. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) St. Olaf College Acceptance Rate: 45  percentSAT, ACT and GPA graph for St. OlafTest Scores : 25th / 75th PercentileSAT Critical Reading: 550 / 700SAT Math: 570 / 700What these SAT numbers meanTop Minnesota colleges SAT score comparisonACT Composite: 26 / 31ACT English: 26  / 33ACT Math: 25  / 30What these ACT numbers meanTop Minnesota colleges ACT score comparison St. Olaf College Description St. Olaf College shares its small hometown of Northfield, Minnesota with rival  Carlton College. St. Olaf prides itself on its excellent programs in music, mathematics, and the natural sciences. Environmental sustainability is a top priority for the school. Like most private colleges, St. Olaf isnt cheap, but the school managed to provide a substantial financial aid package to students who demonstrated need. The college was featured in Lauren Popes Colleges That Change Lives. St. Olaf is affiliated with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 3,040  (all undergraduate)Gender Breakdown: 44% Male / 56% Female98% Full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $44,180Books: $1,000 (why so much?)Room and Board: $10,080Other Expenses: $900Total Cost: $56,160 St. Olaf College Financial Aid (2015- 16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 94  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 92 percentLoans: 51  percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $27,346Loans: $6,944 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Biology, Chemistry, Economics, English, History, Math, Music, Political Science, Psychology, ReligionWhat major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Retention and Graduation Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 92  percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 85  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 88  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Skiing, Baseball, Football, Golf, Cross Country, Soccer, Tennis, SwimmingWomens Sports:  Tennis, Softball, Track and Field, Skiing, Basketball, Cross Country, Golf More Minnesota Colleges - Information and Admissions Data Augsburg  | Bethel  | Carleton  | Concordia  College  Moorhead  | Concordia  University  Saint  Paul  | Crown  | Gustavus  Adolphus  | Hamline  | Macalester  | Minnesota  State  Mankato  | North  Central  | Northwestern  College  | Saint  Benedict  | St.  Catherine  | Saint  Johns  | Saint  Marys  | St.  Olaf  | St.  Scholastica  | St.  Thomas  | UM  Crookston  | UM  Duluth  | UM  Morris  | UM  Twin  Cities  | Winona  State St. Olaf College Mission Statement: The complete mission statement can be found at   stolaf.edu/about/mission.html St. Olaf, a four-year college of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America, provides an education committed to the liberal arts, rooted in the Christian Gospel, and incorporating a global perspective. In the conviction that life is more than a livelihood, it focuses on what is ultimately worthwhile and fosters the development of the whole person in mind, body, and spirit. Now in its second century, St. Olaf College remains dedicated to the high standards set by its Norwegian immigrant founders. In the spirit of free inquiry and free expression, it offers a distinctive environment that integrates teaching, scholarship, creative activity, and opportunities for encounter with the Christian Gospel and Gods call to faith. The college intends that its graduates combine academic excellence and theological literacy with a commitment to lifelong learning. Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

An Empty Hook

As the years go by and new technologies come and go, the world seems to be moving at a constant frantic pace. In our modern, consumer driven society its sometimes hard to find the time to stop and appreciate what we have. The American working world is thriving and competitive, every obstacle we face consumes us, making it easy to get trapped in the seemingly non-stop race of life, forgetting what really matters. For our own sake, it is time to take a step back from our frantic life style and learn to appreciate the little things in life. Its a commonplace story to hear of the work alcoholic man or woman who worked and worked until they were old and rich, and then realized they had nothing in the end. If more people took the time to appreciate the little things, more often then not they’ll find life is a lot more rewarding. Of course that reward can comes in many different forms: Love†¦memories†¦fish. Fishing is a fine art. It takes the refining of cast off methods, and the honing of the proper technique to fully master the art of the reel in, not to forget lots of patience. Nothing is slower than waiting for that subtle tug at the end of your line. My dad taught me how to fish. My twin brother and I used to practice in the front yard with a rod and a weight in the place of a hook, fishing for twigs. Ive caught lots of things before, grass, rocks, other fishing rods, but never a fish. After spending some time with a fisherman you learn that they mean serious business and youre mad to think that theyd share tips or bait. Over the past summer, my dad and grandma and I went fishing together. We needed a break from the constant rhythm of our everyday life. I was having my usual luck, which is no luck at all, and my dad had already caught three fish, my grandma, one. Wed been fishing for hours and still no luck I was sun burnt and riddled with mosquito bites. Id cast off my line and reeled it in hundreds of times and my patience was wearing thin. My dad suddenly felt a jerk in his line, another fish. He was starting to reel it in when he called me over. He handed me the rod. I was excited and scared at the same time. After several c lose calls I finally managed to reel in the fish. My dad came over and untangled the hook from the fishs mouth. My grandma replied, thats true love, meaning my dad must really love me to have let me reel in his fish. Even though this took place in the span of a few minutes, now when I look back I can remember in great detail the feel of the fishs scales and the resistance as I pulled it in. I can recall these moments with more ease and meaning than what happened last week or who did what to who. With applications and auditions upon me I dont look back on my frantic, routine school days but moments like this that are singular and unique. Catching a fish may seem like a small thing but Ive often found that it is the little things in life that make hardship worth while and when you take the time life is given purpose, however whimsical a purpose that may be, but if I constantly cast off and reel in all Ill pull out is grass and an empty hook.

Branding Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Branding - Essay Example The TBI magazine is sold by the vendors who are homeless in UK (Big Issue, 2013d). Brand Audit A brand audit is conducted to examine the current strategic position of the company, identify the areas which are of additional value and suggest recommendations to improve the brand image of the company. A brand audit is conducted periodically by the management of the company to assess the market position of the company and that of its competitors. The study will conduct a brand audit of the TBI magazine to understand its current market position and suggest ways to strengthen its brand image further. Brand Score Card Firstly, The Brand Score Card would be conducted to measure the performance of TBI. The four major dimensions of the scorecard would be functional performance, convenience of access of the products, brand personality and pricing of the product (Pfoertsch and Kotler, 2006). Functional Performance TBI is the only street entertainment magazine in UK; it provides employment opport unities, financial assistance and housing facilities to the homeless people of UK. Apart from being a magazine seller, TBI also acts a charitable organization accepting donations from individual for providing facilities for the homeless people. Currently, the TBI magazine provides employment opportunities to more than 2000 homeless people of UK. ... TBI is solely dependent on charitable donations made by individuals, other charitable organizations, corporations, government etc. Since, the operations of TBI are solely based on the donations the company does not have the opportunity to expand its activities further. Being a social organization TBI does not lay special emphasis on the logo, brand ambassador, packaging and promotional activities. The organization is supported extensively by various other charitable organizations, government etc for funding purposes. For example GISDA has decided to collaborate with TBI to help the homeless people especially aged between 16 to 25 years old (Big Issue, 2013a). Pricing Value Component The magazine is bought at a price of 75 pence by the vendors and sold for ?1.50 making a profit of 50 percent per issue. It is one of the least expensive entertainment magazines of UK (O2, 2010). The minimum value of donating money to TBI is ?10 which is deducted through SMS facility of the donor. Quantit ative &Qualitative Brand Elements Profitability TBI is a social enterprise which aims at providing monetary and non monetary benefits to the homeless people of UK and the main objective of the organization is not to yield profits. The organization runs most of its operation through donations. As per the annual report of TBI in the year 2012 the organization received voluntary donations and statutory grants of ?1273475 (Big Issue, 2013b). The organization incurred an expenditure of ?112008; the received donation was spent providing financial, housing, legal and health benefits to the homeless people (Big Issue, 2013b). A certain proportion of the money is spent on the up gradation of the

Newman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Newman - Essay Example According to Newman faith is about assenting to a doctrine as veritable, even when faced with lack of sensory evidence to back up its claims. Since God cannot lie, what is revealed will have to be true. At the centre of Divine faith is the total lack of doubt in the heart and mind of the believer. This is so because â€Å"God is true, because God has spoken, not because he sees its truth or can prove its truth.† (p.2) What Newman deems necessary is conviction in belief. It simply would not do to claim to believe and also think rationally at the same time. If one part of the scriptures were believed it, the entirety is to be believed in. In the example of the Apostles, the fact of one being true, made the others true too, as they all derived from the infallible authority of god. The world had â€Å"either to become Christian, or to let it alone; there was no room for private tastes and fancies, no room for private Judgment.† (p.3) Hence, Newman makes his stance clear on the dichotomies of faith and reason. The crucial difference between the time of the Apostles and now is that there is only recorded message presently. People back then would have found it more credible to hear the divine word from the Apostles firsthand. There is a key difference â€Å"between the act of submitting to a living oracle, and to his written words; in the former case there is no appeal from the speaker, in the latter the final decision remains with the reader.† (p.4) Hence in contemporary Christianity, which is centered on written scripture, a degree of application of rationality is warranted. Such being the case, Newman qualifies by stating that they have not in them the principle of faith. It is nothing to the purpose â€Å"to urge that at least they firmly believe Scripture to be the Word of God. In truth, it is much to be feared that their acceptance of Scripture itself is nothing better than a

Intention and Motive in Criminal Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Intention and Motive in Criminal Law - Essay Example The prosecutor can argue that his wife had the motive even though he may not have evidence to prove the case. Intent may be defined as acts that go before the actual crime and these acts then merge with the crime. Mohan (1975) defines intent as 'decision to bring about despite the fact that the accused wanted the consequence of his actions or not'. Intent can occur at the same time as the act or it can occur suddenly before the crime. A good example of intent is possession of a pistol by an accused in the case that he/she is facing violence with robbery charges. Possession of this weapon shows that this person had the intent of committing robbery with violence. Motive cannot be seen in the commission of the crime while intent can. When a criminal act has been committed, then it can be presumed that the person had the intention of committing the act. Take an example of someone who was seen carrying a firearm and pointing it to another, it can be said that this person had the intention of committing the crime because the most natural result of this action would be a crime. However, defendants can deny this by claiming that the accused thought that the weapon was a toy and did not intend on committing a crime. (Smith, 1998) Motive alone is not sufficient to convict while intent may be sufficient to cause conviction. Motive comes in handy when a given case does not have concrete evidence. This means that a judge may not have any other issue to fall back on except motive and may consequently pronounce an accused guilty or innocent depending on the which side can prove presence of motive. R v. Cunningham [1957 ER 863] it was held that the defendant was not guilty because the defendant was not aware of the effect of his actions and therefore did not have motive. However, intent is an element that must be proved in most crimes before judgement is passed. This means that the prosecutor must show that the person accused had the knowledge that he/she was committing a crime. These kinds of crimes are called general intent crimes. Some examples of such crimes include false imprisonment, rape, battery and kidnapping. In R v. Windle [1952 2 QB 826] A person was accused of murder after he gave his wife a hundred tablet of aspirin. However, the accused suffered from a mental disease and was not aware of the consequence of his actions. But this same person later told police that he knew they were going to hang him or it. The accused was found guilty because he understood what he was doing and therefore had intent. There are also other cases that require the defence team to prove that intent was specific. This means that there must be evidence independent from the commission of the act that shows that the person had the intention of committing crime. Some examples of crimes that require defence to prove specific intent are embezzlement, burglary, assault, forgery, conspiracy, false pretence, solicitation and first degree murder that were pre meditated. DPP vs. Majewski [1977 AC 433] Majewski was accused of causing bodily harm to members of a pub. This same person was drank and defence could not prove specific intent. It was held that he was not guilty. To every rule, there must be an exception. There are some crimes that fall under strict liability laws. These crimes do not require intent for conviction. These laws stipulate that the act is criminal whether or not the person who committed the crime had the intention

Enhancing Security Process And Systems In Hotel Industy Tourism Essay

Enhancing Security Process And Systems In Hotel Industy Tourism Essay Introduction Since its inception hotels have provided travellers with a place to stay away from home and which offers them amenities that would ensure their comfort and security. The hotel industry core value is to deliver quality service to their guest, and with it also comes the obligation of being responsible for their security while under their care. The security of a hotels guest and how the hotel management and staff take the steps to ensure this spells the success or failure of any establishment. A lax security would mean exposing the guest to a different number of risks and would also reflect poorly on the hotels reputation. Therefore security is something the hotel industry should invest upon to ensure its success, because the bottom line is the question of whether or not a guest will choose to return to a hotel depends solely on how safe and secure they feel while staying in a hotel. However this basic premise is not that easy to put in practice. While different establishments have endeavoured to put in place security measures that would ensure the safety of its guests such as ensuring confidentiality of its guests personal data, using surveillance equipment and the like; the fact is technological advancements have also been used by some criminal elements to circumvent security measures for their own unscrupulous intentions. Cases of identity theft using information stored in a hotel guests key cards, and the recent threat of terrorist attacks are but some of the security issues that the hotel industry has to contend with. This paper seeks to study the security measures being put in place by the hotel industry and how it relates to their operational effectiveness. In particular this research study shall aim to achieve the following: To identify the forms of breaches in hotels security system; To identify the security system and other safety policies of three hotels; To determine recommendations that will enhance and further develop the security system of the hotel industry. The method that will be used in this research paper is a case study of the security measures of three hotels: the Hotel Marriott, the Intercontinental Hotels Group, and the Shangrila Hotel. The three hotels were selected in this study because they are known to be among the leaders in the hotel industry; they have faced or are in danger of facing serious concerns related to security (the Marriot Hotel was attacked by terrorist bombers in the past); and they are also leaders in the field of hotel security. The analysis that will be used in this case study will be based on the assessment paper by Alan Orlob the Vice-President of Corporate Security for the Marriott International, the talk delivered by David Bradley Bonnel who is the Director of Global Security for the Intercontinental Hotels Group, and the Security protocol issued by Shangrila Jakarta. This research paper shall also review related literature concerning the hotel industry its values and principles in relation to ensuring security, and related internet sources concerning hotel security procedures and measures. Literature Review According to Capparella J. (2002), the word hotel is derived from the 14th Latin word hoste meaning person or thing that provides something for a guest, usually lodging, and sometimes food. The concept of a hotel was to provide some sort of temporary lodging accommodations for transients. Hotels varied little in ancient times when they were first described as simply being a boarding house providing a place to rest and nothing more. Throughout the early centuries (1 AD forward) the evolution of the hotel was also minimal. In the middle ages the hotel began to transform. European and English inns became the variations of the hotel during the middle ages. More specialized functions and amenities were included in the inns services. Among these amenities include the private rooms, public kitchens and public gathering rooms. Some inns have also constructed small taverns which were aimed to bring comfort and convenience of the traveller. During this period, the hotel variations were no longer treated and viewed as merely a place to spend the night. This development in the middle ages provided the transition of the hotel concept which will later on become part of the hospitality industry. As the said development emerged during the middle ages, the latter part of the period provided another significant advancement in the inns. Laws, rules and regulations pertaining to the operations of the hotel as well as the corresponding responsibility of the owner were imposed. A French law during the 1300s dictates that any lost property of a client must be replaced by the landlord. A century passed when another French law mandates the registration of every hotel to the state. The English around this period has also formed another set of guidelines and regulations that discusses in detail the comfort and cleanliness provided by the hotel to their guests. The said guidelines eventually served as the European standard for hotels. However, in spite of these advancements, a number of hotels and inns remain lacking on measures involving the privacy and security of guests. Rooms that are considered private have no locks and the guests are exposed to an unsecured communal setting. In the 16th century, France established culinary requirements for hotels that offered dining services that were based on a rating system geared toward quality, promotion, and competition. In the next century, this system of rating a hotel was formally established throughout Europe. By the 1700s, particularly in France, is when the hotel industry or hospitality business formally established itself. Lodging also transformed into a mixed-use business that now offered a variety of services and amenities. The standards for quality, comfort, value, and service were now synonymous with any place of lodging adding to its definition of being a temporary place to spend the night. (Caparella, 2002) In America the concept of the hotel as we know it was further developed with the appearance of larger hotels during the 1800s. These hotels differentiated themselves from other lodging types by their size and by offering of luxurious amenities. Most of these hotels were in large cities and along the major travel routes of stagecoaches, and later the railways. (Ibid, 2002) With the passage of time the core aspects of the services provided by the hotel industry was already well established with good service and security as one of the key concerns. Based on common law hotel patrons commonly assume that hotels have created a relatively safe environment, and that the, common law concept of the innkeepers doctrine addresses the hoteliers role in maintaining a safe and secure environment by requiring the hotelier to take all reasonable measures to provide a secure environment for guests and to safeguard guests property. (Feickert, et.al. 2006) The concept of reasonable protection was further advanced by the courts upon which the levels of liability of hotel owners were increased. The small and independent hotels were also similarly held liable to the standards imposed on large and popular hotels thus giving emphasis on the issue of security among the industry regardless of the size and popularity of the establishment. The said impression of the innkeepers doctrines common law aims to highlight the role of the hotelier in sustaining a safe environment through the adaption of all logical measures to ensure a secure environment to be enjoyed by the guests. The concept of reasonable protection was advanced by the court and has developed into increasing levels of liability of hotels. To date, the issue of security within the hotel industry remains a primary concern among hoteliers. The said issue remains foremost in the minds of both the guests and hotel managers particularly in light of the turmoil of world events. Such concerns of managers often dwell on the most acceptable security measures to hotel guests which will directly be viewed as a measure that will ensure safety and security. With these concerns, hotels must also ensure that providing a welcoming environment remains their highest priority. The hotel guests needs reflect their view on the hotel industry. While a traveller looks for adventure in his travels in each area and country, he still expects to rest and relax within the confines of his hotel room. While he expects to experience thrills out of exploring places, he would need to have access to recreational facilities of the hotel such as the use of the pool and the services in the hotel bar. The guest anticipates the best treatment from the employees and expects traits such as honesty and respect for privacy to be recognized. Being on a holiday, the guest does not expect neither hassles nor inconveniences to hamper his trip. Adapting this perspective of the hotel guest, hotels have formed several quick and effective measures to ensure the security of the guest without invading the privacy. Hotels have also become the ideal target for terrorists since 2004, the post-9/11 period. Militants can assume the same type of strategies to give a statement against the Western imperialism. Hotels remain one of the best targets for such terroristic acts since Western businessmen, government officials, diplomats and intelligence officers frequent the hotels. Such place provides the ideal scene for inflicting terror through international media without penetrating the security ranks of Embassies. The shift towards the targeting hotels was traced to the attacks against hotels in several parts of the globe i.e. Pakistan, Iraq, Jordan, India, Afghanistan, and Egypt. Attacks instigated in Amman, Mumbai, Jakarta and Sharm el-Sheikh were coordinated to hit more than one hotel. Addressing this issue, hotels have adapted measures that will develop security within hotels. The hotel security was perceived to have improved since 2004. Such security mechanisms in several hotel have helped saved lives such as the Marriott Hotel in Islamabad. The hotel industrys vulnerability to attacks is caused however by the strategic nature of hotels. In addressing security issues, the typical notion of general manages and security manages is that the installation of obtrusive and indiscrete security mechanisms will only generate more concern from the guests instead of creating a safe and secured environment. Other hoteliers often see security measures as unnecessary and merely increase the hotel expenses. Nevertheless, the security department and its managers role increased throughout the years. A main concern of hotel owners is the merging of security measures in the operations of the hotel. Instead of isolating the security department from others, security must be integrated within the operating procedures of the hotel. Security measure served as part of the hotel security routine particularly different types of technology such as electronic card-locking system, camera and communication system, as well as a closed circuit television. Additional security features can include safe-deposit boxes, guest-door locks as well as the re gular life-safety systems i.e. sprinkler systems, alarms and fire extinguishers. Hotel security features have been increasingly developed in the past years. This can attributed to the increase in neighbourhood crime, technological advancements and a shift in the demographics of the hotel guests. Such is the case of the electronic door locks which generates a feeling of security expected from the safety measure. Hoteliers have also taken a closer look at the needs and wants of the female traveller being primarily concerned over safety and security measures. As expected, hotel managers may face challenges as the media continuously work on bringing criminal actions to the limelight particularly since the news of the 9/11 attack have changed the perceptions on travelling and safety. Body of the Study and Research Results Case Study Number 1: The Marriot Hotel Experience On July 17, 2003 the JW Marriot and the Ritz Carlton in the upscale area of Jakarta, Indonesia were attacked by two suicide bombers. The bomb blast killed nine people and injured about 52 individuals. Based on the investigation following the attacks it was found out that the suspects checked into the hotel as guests, and that the explosives they used were smuggled into the hotel in their luggage which was not checked because it was too big and had to be placed in a trolley. The hotel staff did not noticed anything because they assumed that hotel guests cannot be terrorists. On September 20, 2008 another Marriott hotel was attacked in Islamabad, Pakistan. A dump truck which was filled with explosives was detonated in front of the hotel killing 54 persons and injuring 266 individuals. Based on the report that the Vice-President for Corporate Security Alan Orlob made before the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Government Affairs in 2009, the Marriott security measures helped in preventing a much bigger casualty in both the Jakarta and Islamabad attacks. In Jakarta during the time of the attack the hotel security were on Threat Condition Red. Orlob claims that the checkpoint placed at the hotel gates prevented the suicide bomber from driving a vehicle laden with explosives straight into the lobby of the hotel. Orlob also states that because of the alert response of the Merriotts three security personnel who were manning the checkpoints that day, helped in preventing the driver from entering the lobby of the Hotel. In the Islamabad attacks a combination of a hydraulic barrier and a drop down barrier prevented the vehicle of the suicide bombers from approaching the main premises of the hotel. The vehicle filled with explosives was detonated at the barrier killing 56 people out of the 1,500 people who were billeted at the Marriott during that day. Orlob claims that the casualties would have been larger if there were no security measures that were put in place. During the attacks in Islamabad, Orlob states that the hotel had 196 security personnel, 60 of which were on duty during that day. They also had sixty two CCTV cameras placed on the inside and outside of the hotel and bomb sniffing dogs. However a paper by security expert, John Solomon the Head of Terrorism Research, World Check (2009) states that in both the Jakarta and Islamabad Marriots security program has had shortcomings on two aspects. First is that the hotel did not have adequate measures for screening guest and staff for possible terrorism risk. Solomon pointed out that in both the Jakarta and Islamabad attacks the terrorists were able to study the area of the hotel and gather intelligence information by checking in as guests. The second shortcoming relates to the failure of the hotel security and risk manager to correctly analyze the possible security risks that the hotel faces. According to Solomon the problem is due to security and counterterrorism specialists penchant for analyzing a security threat exclusively on historical patterns. The common practice of hotels is to hire these security specialists to make a risk assessment which the hotel faces. However by seeing terrorist attacks as recurring patterns what happens in the future will be the same to what is occurring in the present and what transpired in the recent past fails to grasp the fact that terrorist tactics are constantly evolving and developing. The result of this way of thinking is that security experts fails to adopt concrete measures that are applicable to the possible dangers the situation poses. Ironically Orlob also had a similar observation when, as part of a team of hotel security specialist, he visited Mumbai, India after the terrorist attacks in 2009 to the Taj Mahal, Oberoi, and Trident hotels. Orlob included these findings in the same Senate Committee hearing that i have mentioned above. According to Orlob the Taj Mahal hotel failed to address the following security concerns: Before the attacks the terrorists were staying in the hotel for several months posing as guests. They were seen taking photographs and have been studying the layout of the hotel; The police who responded to the attacks were not familiar to the building layout and the plans that were outdated and did not indicate the renovations that has taken place; The Taj Mahal hotel lowered their security measures due to a wrong intelligence report that was given to them; The hotel did not have physical security measures such as barriers, sprinkler systems and the like which could have helped to slow down the terrorists if not deter them. Orlob has noted during the Senate Committee report that after the attacks on the Marriott the security measures in placed have already been reviewed and developed to cope with the threat of terrorists groups. Case Study Number 2: The Intercontinental Hotels Group The Intercontinental Hotels Group (IHG) is one of the leading international hotel chains in the world today. Currently there are about 4,186 IHG hotels operating worldwide bearing the IHG brands of InterContinental Hotels, Crowne Plaza Hotels, Holiday Inn and many more which are franchised and are owned by private companies. The IHG main headquarters is based in the United Kingdom and there are regional offices for the Americas and Asia Pacific region. During the 2009 Mumbai terrorist attacks the Intercontinental Hotels Group were able to send out instructions to two of its hotels in the area concerning security measures they should put in place. According to the Director for Global Security of IHG David Bonne, this quick response helped to shield the IHG properties from the attacks. Bonnel points out in a report dated March 11, 2009 that the IHG were able to address the threat posed by the Mumbai incident due to the timely and relevant information shared by individuals who are in charge of the security and counter terrorism program in their respective corporations. This association of professionals dealing with corporate security were instrumental in providing intelligence that helped to facilitate appropriate response to the crisis, effectively deploy resources, and ensured the flow of information between the corporate headquarters and the hotels that were affected by the attacks. Bonnel states that after 9/11 attacks the IHG has developed a security plan that specifically addresses the threat posed by global terrorism. This security plan is based on the provision indicated in Title IX of the 9/11 Commission Act which has mapped out crisis management as the preparedness of the private and public sector on three aspects of operation which deals with rescue, restart, and recovery. According to Bonnel the IHG crisis management system is an integral part of the whole structure of the corporation, organizational culture, and operations of the company, and provides an effective and flexible response to probable and expected threats to security. The IHG system works through different but interconnected aspects which focuses on the following: constant threat assessment; emergency action plans and business continuity plans that are specific to the site involved; a crisis response plan for senior executives; crisis response teams; a network for internal communications; and a training program for emergency response. The IHG crisis management systems main thrust is to ensure that in the event of a threat or crisis its investments and guests are protected and rescued if the need arises, and in the event of damage to the corporations asset, the system ensures continuity in operations and business functions. One of the core aspects of this crisis management system is the development of a comprehensive counter terrorism program which is based on responding to threats and leads gathered from a reliable intelligence network connected with the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). This counter terrorism program works by evaluating and then categorizing all of IHGs hotels against a profile on terrorist risk. Each hotel location will also be assessed in a regional strategic threat assessment. The entire IHG hotels capability to resist an attack will also be comprehensively assessed, and management will be provided with an action plan that would increase the hotels security capability. A strict monitoring of compliance to the plan will also be carried out to ensure its implementation and in order to have a constant evaluation of the whole implementation process. According to Bonnel the IHGs counter terrorism program was designed with the view of implementing it within the framework of mandator y compliance with standards regarding operational and structural safety and security. Case Study Number Three: The Shangri-la Hotel Jakarta Hotel Shangri-la Jakarta is one of the hotels that are in operation in the Southeast Asia region. The information issued by Shangri-la Jakarta states that it has a superb reputation when it comes to ensuring the safety and security of its guests and personnel, and the hotel claims that many experts in security has considered it to be a preferred base in the city in case of emergencies. The security measures implemented by Shangri-la Hotel Jakarta are quite similar to the Marriot and IHG. It has a UVS or Under Vehicle Scanning system which is located at the main gate of the hotel; it has EVDs or Explosive Vapour Detectors; it employs bomb sniffing dogs that have been certified by the Australian Law Enforcement and Working Service Dog Handler Association; its X-ray machines for luggage scanning are state of the art; around 330 CCTV cameras are installed in the hotel; there are around 200 highly trained security staff; there are satellite telephones in case normal phone communications a re cut off; and the hotel also has a helipad on its roof. The Shangri-la Jakarta also boasts of a comprehensive Civil Disturbance Plan designed to address different possible situations that might arise in its country of operation. Like the Marriott and IHG the Shangri-la Hotel Jakarta hires security experts that acts as consultants to the hotel. Reliable intelligence is provided for by these security consultants. The Shangri-la hotels team of local and international experts in security helps in keeping the hotel abreast to the security situation in Jakarta which develops its readiness and capacity to respond to any potential threat to its guests safety and security. The chart below shows the comparative data of the three hotels based on the reference material used: Hotel Marriot IHG Shangri-la Hotel, Jakarta Secondary 1 deadbolt lock Smoke detectors and fire sprinkler systems CCTV cameras Explosive Vapour Detectors X-ray machines CCTV Cameras X-ray machines Smoke detectors and fire sprinkler systems Other security measures possibly use but not identified in reference material used by researcher. UVS (Under Vehicle Scanning) system EVDs (Explosive Vapour Detectors) X-ray machines CCTV cameras Satellite telephones Highly trained security personnel Bomb sniffing dogs Expert Consultant Highly trained security personnel Bomb sniffing dogs Expert Consultant Highly trained security personnel Bomb sniffing dogs Expert Consultant Viewports in all guestroom doors interior corridor access only access control on all guest exterior access doors Viewports in all guestroom doors bollards and barriers Same although not indicated expressly in the reference used by the researcher. Same although not indicated expressly in the reference used by the researcher. Roof helipad Security Guidelines and Emergency Plans Cooperation with International Security specialists groups and Government Agencies concerned Security Guidelines and Emergency Plans Cooperation with International Security specialists groups and Government Agencies concerned Security Guidelines and Emergency Plans Cooperation with International Security specialists groups and Government Agencies concerned Conclusion The case study of the security measures being implemented by the Marriott, IHG, and Shangri-la shows certain similarities in terms of the equipment used, personnel involved, physical structures built, and development of a comprehensive security and crisis management plan. All three has hired security experts to provide detailed intelligence reports and to conduct and develop a crisis and threat assessment in order to develop the hotels preparedness in the event that such threats will occur. It is also clear that security plans are directly related to the hotels image and reputation, and most security plans is actually part of the hotels commitment to its guests to ensure that their peace of mind and security are taken cared of while under their care.